FICHTE, Johann Gottlieb

Reden an die deutsche Nation

Berlin, 1808.

フィヒテ『ドイツ国民に告ぐ』

　Drawn to philosophy by the thought of Immanuel Kant, the Prussian Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) propounded a subjective idealism founded on the mental activity and moral self-control of the absoluteself.
　This work consists of a series of 14 lectures delivered by Fichte between December 1807 and March 1808 at the Berlin Academy in the Prussian capital of Berlin, which had been occupied by Napoleon. Fichte argues that the entire nation should recognize the cultural superiority of the German people. He goes on to explain the need for radical reform of the educational systems of the German states in order to achieve further cultural improvements, and argues that this is the sole means of ensuring the survival of the German people. An important specific means of reform that he describes is moral reform based on cultivating patriotism among German youth. Fichte sought to inspire national consciousness and translate this into remaking Prussia and raising consciousness in the German states.
　The University of Berlin was founded as a result of these reforms, and Fichte was appointed its first rector.
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